ABPL 20033 CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS assignment 代写

  • 100%原创包过,高质代写&免费提供Turnitin报告--24小时客服QQ&微信:120591129
  •  ABPL 20033 CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS assignment 代写


     ABPL 20033
    CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
    Materials and systems:
    Steel
    4 4
    15 August 2017
    What we will cover today
    Material basics
    ‐ Iron and Steel
    ‐ Steel manufacturing and properties
    ‐ Fabrication and connections: cutting, welding and bolting
    ‐ Steel architecture: from the Industrial revolution to Minimalism (Mies)
    Construction systems
    ‐ Residential steel framing
    ‐ Composite steel‐concrete floors
    ‐ Secondary steel framing
    Weekly exam questions (Concrete)
    Assignment 1 – H1 submissions
    Weekly exam questions (Concrete)
    Assignment 1 – H1 submissions
    Source: vizagsteel.com
    Steel manufacturing
    IRON ORE
    IRON ALLOYS
    IRON (Fe)
    WROUGHT IRON: < 0.02% CARBON; 99.9% IRON WITH SLAG INCLUSIONS
    CAST IRON: 1.8 - 4 % CARBON
    STEEL: 0.4- 1.7% CARBON, 98-99.5 % IRON + MANGANESE, SULFUR, SILICONE, PHOSPORUS
    STAINLESS STEEL: STEEL WITH 10-11% CHROMIUM CONTENT
    CARBON (C)
    IRON ALLOYS: CARBON CONTENT
    Carbon content is critical to
    determine the properties of iron-
    carbon alloys. Too much carbon
    makes the alloy hard but very
    brittle and too little carbon makes
    the alloy soft and weak.
    Steel is an alloy with an optimised
    carbon content between 0.04%
    and 1.8%. Within this range of
    carbon content the key physical
    properties (strength, hardness and
    ductility) can vary significantly.
    The carbon content of steel is
    adjusted depending on the
    applications required.
    WROUGHT IRON
    Wrought iron is the purest form of iron used
    for construction purposes and contains a very
    low level of carbon ( about 0.02%).
    Wrought iron was used in the past as a
    structural material and for weaponry.
    Wrought iron is ductile and has a strength
    comparable to that of mild steel but that it is
    inferior to that of high-strength steels.
    Its admirable working properties still make it
    a viable option for ornamental ironwork
    Its main limitation is the production process
    that is too costly and has a very low
    capacity of production when compared to
    structural steel.
    Furthermore wrought iron cannot be welded.
    CAST IRON
    Cast iron is produced in a blast furnace by
    smelting iron ore with coke (coal that has
    been distilled out from its volatile
    components) and crushed limestone.
    Cast iron has a very good fluidity making
    it ideal for casting of complex industry parts
    (it has been used for casting cylinder
    blocks in the automotive industry for a long
    time).
    Cast iron is reasonably strong but it is
    brittle and it has a low melting point which
    makes it very difficult, almost impossible
    to weld.
    Hector Guimard, Entrances of the Paris Metro stations, 1900/1912
    METAL PROPERTIES
    Most construction materials (timber,
    masonry, concrete and glass) have a
    tendency to break suddenly once they
    reach their maximum strength. The fracture
    point for these materials happen soon after
    the end of their elastic behaviour and it is
    anticipated by a brief plastic behaviour.
    Metals on the other hand deform greatly
    before breaking and after their elastic
    phase they enter into a prolonged plastic
    flow before breaking. In other words they
    are a lot more ductile.
    This is one of the great advantages of
    many metals and in particular of structural
    steel.
    STEEL –STRESS/STRAIN DIAGRAM
    STRESS
    STRAIN
    ELASTIC
    REVERSIBLE
    DEFORMATION
    ELASTIC
    REVERSIBLE
    DEFORMATION
    PLASTIC
    PERMANENT
    DEFORMATION
    YIELD
    STRESS
    PLASTIC
    PERMANENT
    DEFORMATION
    YIELD
    STRESS
    FAILURE
    MILD STEEL
    For large scale structural applications
    iron alloys are preferred when they have
    these properties:
    • Weldability (less than 0.5% carbon)
    • Ductility at service temperature
    • Low cost to strength ratio
    • Availability in sections and plates
    What we generally refer to as mild steels
    respond to these characteristics. Mild
    steel alloys have between 0·1 per cent
    and 0·7 per cent carbon content, little or
    no slag inclusions and they can be
    alloyed with or without small amounts of
    other elements such as silicon and
    manganese.
    STEEL DISADVANTAGES
    • Steel doesn’t provide the dual function
    of structure + envelope of other
    materials (masonry, concrete)
    • Prone to corrosion, it must be protected
    • Poor performance under fire threat
    STEEL ADVANTAGES
    • High strength in compression, tension
    and shear
    • Excellent strength/weight ratio
    • High stiffness: less prone to deflection;
    • Not prone to creep
    • Relatively easy to connect
    • Allows design flexibility: large spans,
    open planning, high-rise
    STEELMAKING
    SOURCE: steeluniversity.com
    IRONMAKING: THE BLAST FURNACE
    SOURCE: steeluniversity.com
    The first step of steel production
    from raw materials is a process of
    melting through the blast furnace.
    The blast furnace heats up at
    1,400 C° iron ore with coke
    (distilled coal) and crushed
    limestone. During this process
    the oxygen of the iron ore is
    separated leaving liquid iron that
    sinks to the bottom of the
    furnace.
    Liquid iron (also known as pig
    iron) produced by the blast
    furnace has a carbon content of
    approximately 4%; pig iron it is
    still not steel and it is not suitable
    for building applications.
    CASTING
    SOURCE: ssab.com
    CASTING
    SOURCE: steel.org
    HOT ROLLING
    Source: Allen-Iano, Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods
    HOT ROLLING
    SOURCE: steeluniversity.org
    TUBE ROLLING
    SOURCE: steeluniversity.org
    Steel products
    STEEL SECTIONS
    UNIVERSAL BEAMS (UB)
    Source: AS/NZS 3679.1 :2009
    UNIVERSAL COLUMNS (UC)
    Source: AS/NZS 3679.1 :2009
    ABPL 90287 / 5 SEP 2012
    PARALLEL FLANGE CHANNELS (PFC)
    Source: AS/NZS 3679.1 :2009
    EQUAL ANGLES (EA)
    Source: AS/NZS 3679.1 :2009
    UNEQUAL ANGLES (UA)
    Source: AS/NZS 3679.1 :2009
    COLD-FORMING
    SOURCE: hebei.com
    Hot rolled steel profiles are formed at very high temperature, directly out of the continuous
    process-making of molten steel.
    Steel can be formed also more economically folding, corrugating and curling hot rolled
    sheets at room temperature. This process is known as ‘cold-forming’.
    CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS (CHS)
    Source: AS/NZS 1163 :2009
    SQUARE HOLLOW SECTIONS (SHS)
    Source: AS/NZS 1163 :2009
    RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS (RHS)
    Source: AS/NZS 1163 :2009
    STANDARD COLD FORMED SECTIONS
    SOURCE: onesteel.com
    CC (COLD FORMED CHANNEL) F CF (COLD FORMED FLAT)
    CA (COLD FORMED EQUAL ANGLES) CA (COLD FORMED UNEQUAL ANGLES)
    FABRICATION
    Source:  Steel Construction Manual
    Structural steel fabrication is the process of cutting,
    shaping and joining manufactured sections (I-
    beams, channels, angles etc) into new ones. The
    steel fabrication process goes from the
    engineering drawings to shop drawings to CNC
    equipment to fabricate the members, parts and
    sub-assemblies of the structure. Some of the most
    important fabrication methods used for buildings
    are:
    • Cold Sawing
    • Oxy Cutting
    • Hole Drilling, Cutting and Punching
    • SubmergedArc Welding
    The fabrication process is an important aspect of
    steelwork and a designer is required to understand
    the tools and methods that are available.
    COLD/BAND SAWING
    Source: Australian Steel Institute
    A band saw consists of a continuous
    blade with a single edge of cutting
    teeth. The band saw is powered using
    an electric motor that drives the saw in
    the vertical plane. By altering the
    speed of the blade, steel sections of
    various sizes and properties can be
    cut.
    Most modern band sawing lines
    feature a vertical clamping device to
    prevent movement of the section
    during sawing, and are CNC
    controlled.
    OXY CUTTING
    Source: Australian Steel Institute
    Oxyfuel gas cutting is the most common
    process used for severing structural steel.
    Structural steel thickness from 6 to 300mm
    can be cut using this process. It is limited in
    application to steels with certain alloys but it
    does allow to be used for most structural
    steel grades.
    This process relies on a cutting torch tip, the
    function of which is to supply a stream of
    oxygen gas for cutting and a number of
    small flames to preheat the steel to cutting
    temperature. Preheat flames are arranged
    around the central oxygen stream. These
    flames are produced by burning the fuel gas
    mixed with a secondary stream of oxygen.
    Fuel gases commonly used are acetylene,
    propane (LPG) and methane (Natural Gas).
    OXY CUTTING
    BHP House: multiple cutting of the castellated beams. In E.A. Watts,, BHP.  BHP House: Fabrication
    HOLE PUNCHING
    Source: Australian Steel Institute
    Holes can be cut in steel by drilling or by
    cutting with an oxy flame. Another method
    to fabricate holes of a small size is by hole
    punching.
    Punching is a process that is used to
    produce circular, rectangular or complex
    shaped holes. The ability to punch a
    material is dependent on the capacity of
    the equipment and the material.
    Thickness, strength and brittleness are
    the material characteristics that limit the
    application and these processes cannot
    cut high strength or brittle materials. Most
    structural steels, including the structural
    quenched and tempered grades up to
    25mm thickness can be punched.
    LASER CUTTING
    A more recent fabrication method that finds
    increased use in architectural applications is
    laser cutting. Laser cutting works by directing
    and concentrating a high-power laser beam
    towards the surface of a material. The cutting
    process is computer controlled. Laser cutting is
    a more accurate cutting than other heat
    generated cutting methods and it is faster than
    traditional tool making fabrication. Laser Cutting
    can cut up to 3000mm by 1500mm from sheet
    material and trough mild steel thicknesses of up
    to 16mm. The advantages of Laser Cutting are:
    • Faster fabrication
    • Pattern design and variation available
    • Accuracy
    • Clean square edges
    • Reduced wastage
    Source: www.westermans.com Source: www.cutout.com.au
    WELDING
    Source: Australian Steel Institute,  Student Lecture: Welding . 2009
    Welding is a fabrication method that connects
    metals by coalescence, or in other words by
    melting two pieces and by adding a filler
    material in the joint.
    Welding is used in steel construction for:
    • Fabrication of members and components
    • Attachment of components to members
    (stiffeners, plates)
    • Splicing and joining of structural elements
    • Fabrication of sub-assemblies for later
    erection on site.
    There are two weld types that are commonly
    used in the fabrication and the erection of
    steel: fillet welds and butt welds.
    FILLET WELDS (FW)
    Source: Australian Steel Institute,  Student Lecture: Welding . 2009
    A fillet weld has an approximately triangular
    weld pool and joins two workpieces that are
    not in the same plane and that form a tee, a
    lap or a corner joint.
    Fillet welds have these features:
    • They are economical (at least up to 12 –
    16mm leg size)
    • They require minimum edge
    preparation
    • They have poorer load capacity than
    butt welds
    • Up 8mm FW can be done in a single
    pass
    BUTT WELDS (BW)
    Source: Australian Steel Institute,  Student Lecture: Welding . 2009
    A butt weld is a weld between two
    coplanar workpieces so as to give
    continuity of section.
    Butt welds have these features:
    • The capacity of the weld is limited
    by the capacity of the plate
    • Plates must be prepared before
    welding
    • They have stronger load capacity
    than fillet welds
    • Preparation on plate edges
    determines weld geometry and weld
    material volumes.
    WELDING: ECONOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
    Source: Australian Steel Institute,  Student Lecture: Welding . 2009
    Welding is costly. The detailing of welded
    connections in steel should consider
    economy by seeking simplicity, minimum
    weld volumes, accessibility and tolerances
    for erection.
    Manual Arc Welding (MAW) is rarely used
    these days.
    CNC welding is a more productive and a
    higher quality welding process that is used
    more frequently for contemporary steel
    fabrication.
    Welding equipment is large and
    cumbersome and it is difficult to handle on
    site. It is preferable to weld in the shop and
    bolt on site whenever possible.
       
    MAW
    CNC
    MAW
    CNC
    SITE WELDING
    SUBMERGED ARC WELDING
    Source: Australian Steel Institute
    At larger section sizes, it becomes un-economical to
    hot roll steel hence the larger beams are normally
    made by welding plates together. The method used
    for the production of standard Welded Beams (WB)
    or Columns (WC) is the submerged arc welding
    (SAW). This process is so called because the arc is
    submerged under a layer of granular flux, delivered
    from a hopper. The arc is struck between a
    continuous wire electrode and the workpiece.
    The SAW process is continuous and highly
    automated and doesn’t rely on manual welding. At
    the end of the welding phase the welded members
    are passed through a straightening machine to
    ensure size consistency.
    The process is generally only suitable for material
    over 6mm thick, although there are special
    procedures for thinner material by using high travel
    speeds.
    SUBMERGED ARC WELDING
    Source: Allen-Iano, Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods
    WELDED BEAMS (WB)
    Source: AS/NZS 3679.2:2010
    WELDED COLUMNS (WC)
    Source: AS/NZS 3679.2:2010
    Fabrication and connections:
    Bolting
    BOLTED CONNECTIONS
    Source: Australian Steel Institute,
    Bolting can be a very economical and
    efficient way to connect structural steel
    members.
    Bolts can assist to create rigid or flexible
    connection, by clamping two members
    together or by fixing the end of one member
    to a shop welded cleat of another.
    Bolts normally only account for only 1-2% of
    the steel cost in a project but they are a
    critical item that holds the structure
    together.
    It is therefore important that quality
    assurance is obtained by bolt suppliers and
    that designers and builders specify and use
    only high quality bolts.
    BOLTED CONNECTIONS
    Source: Steel Construction Manual
    Normally bolts are used to clamp steel to
    steel connections with the result that the
    connected parts react by putting under
    tensional stress the bolt shaft. It is usually
    this strength to resist tensional stress that is
    associated with the structural capacity of
    bolts wether as Yield or Tensional Strength.
    However not all bolted connections are
    subject to tensile loads. In many applications
    the loads can be perpendicular to the
    fastener causing it to be under shear stress.
    Clamped connections between two
    members may not be sufficient in these
    situations. Connections with two plates on
    each side of the connecting member can be
    more efficient to resit shear.
    BOLT TIGHTENING METHODS
    There are two types of tightening methods
    contemplated by theAustralian Standards:
    Snug Tightening: bolts are tensioned
    sufficiently to bring into intimate positive
    contact the mating surfaces of the bolted
    parts. Snug Tightening allows slippage of the
    mating surfaces (dowel action).
    Full Tensioning: bolts are tensioned to their
    full extent. They connect by prestressing the
    mating surfaces in a connection that relies
    on friction.
    Full tensioning can rely completely on
    friction (non-slip joint) or allow some
    slippage combining friction and dowel action.
    DOWEL ACTION (SNUG TIGHTENING)
    FRICTION (FULL TENSIONING)
    Source: B.E. Gorenc, A.Syam, R. Tinyou,  Steel Designers Handbook,  Australian Steel Institute,
    COMMERCIAL BOLTS, GRADE 4.6
    Commercial Bolts, Grade 4.6 are made of mild steel
    and manufactured according toAS 1111.
    They have a tensile strength of 400 MPa and a yield
    strength 240 MPa.
    Commercial Bolts have no special identifying
    marks. (Note: hexagonal head in the picture shows M
    for metric and manufacturer’s symbol).
    Source: Australian Steel Institute,  Student Lecture: Bolting . 2009
    HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS, GRADE 8.8
    High-strength structural bolts are made of high-strength
    steel and they are manufactured toAS 1252.
    They have tensile strength of 800 MPa and yield
    strength 640 MPa.
    High-strength bolts must have special identifying
    marks: three raised radial lines on the head and broken
    circular indentation on the nut. (Note: hexagonal head in
    the picture shows M for metric and A for manufacturer’s
    initial).
    High-strength bolts have a larger head than commercial
    bolts for the same size of bolt.
    GRADE 4.6 vs GRADE 8.8
    Commercial Bolts can be tightened only with
    the snug tight method.
    Joint slippage is not a problem with commercial
    bolts and they are suitable for secondary framing
    applications like purlins.
    High-strength bolts can be tightened with the
    snug tight method and by full tensioning.
    Joint slippage can be a problem with high-
    strength bolts and they should not be used for
    secondary framing applications like purlins.
    High-strength bolts can be used for their very
    high shear capacity and to clamp structural steel
    for rigid connections.
    Source: Allen-Iano, Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods
    FLEXIBLE vs RIGID CONNECTIONS
    Source: Australian Steel Institute, Economical Structural Steelwork,
    TWO-WAY RIGID
    ONE-WAY RIGID
    TWO-WAY BRACED (FLEXIBLE)
    TWO-WAY RIGID
    ONE-WAY RIGID
    TWO-WAY BRACED (FLEXIBLE)
    Source: Australian Steel Institute, Economical Structural Steelwork
    Flexible Connections are also known as
    simple joints or pinned connections and
    have these features:
    • Simple to fabricate
    • Easier to connect with bolts and
    plates
    • Simple to erect
    • Have greater working tolerances
    • Less costly than rigid connections
    Flexible connections cannot resist
    lateral loading. Their stability is provided
    by bracing.
    CONNECTION TYPES: FLEXIBLE
    Source: Australian Steel Institute, Economical Structural Steelwork,
    Rigid Connections are also known as
    fixed joints or encastre connections
    and have these features:
    • Complex to fabricate
    • Difficult if site connections are
    required
    • Have welded connections that are
    more expensive and require
    specialist trade skills and surface
    preparation and protection
    • Better made in workshops
    Frames connected by rigid joints can
    to a certain degree provide lateral
    stiffness by themselves without
    requiring bracing.
    CONNECTION TYPES: RIGID
    DETAILING BOLTS
    The design of bolted connections must be
    done considering the actual size of the bolts
    to avoid situations where insufficient
    clearance or interference may compromise
    the joint.
    For this reason, whenever known, it is better
    to draw the actual bolt size rather than
    simply the centrelines of the shaft.
    Care must be taken that long ‘stick-through’
    bolts are not specified where instead
    ‘thread-in’ bolts could or should have been
    used.
    Finally engineers should take care not to
    specify bolts of the same size in different
    grades for the same job as this is likely to
    lead to human error on site.
    Source: Australian Steel Institute,  Student Lecture: Bolting . 2009
    CONCRETE/MASONRY ANCHORS
    Source: Ramset
    EXPANSION CHEMICAL SETTING
    SCREW-IN
    CONCRETE/MASONRY ANCHORS
    Source: Ramset
    EXPANSION
    CHEMICAL SETTING
    EXPANSION
    CHEMICAL SETTING
    SCREW-IN
    STUD-WELDING
    Source:  Architectural Record,  vol. 104, n. 4
    STUD-WELDING
    Source:  Architectural Record,  vol. 104, n. 4
    1 2 3 4 5
    How stud-welding works:
    1) Gun with threaded rod (stud) inside is pressed against steel surface
    2) Trigger pulls stud slightly away from steel surface
    3) Base of stud and surface of steel are melted by electric arc welding
    4) At the end of welding period (set by a timer) the stud is pushed into the molten
    surface
    5) The gun is removed, the surface of steel has a threaded rod attached to it which can
    be used for bolted connections with other elements.
    BACK IN 10 MINUTES
    Where would design be without coffee breaks?
    Construction systems:
    Residential steel framing
    FRAMING SYSTEMS: STUDS, TRUSSES
    STEEL STUD WALLS
    Source: Rond Maxi Frame
    STEEL STUD WALLS: JAMBS
    Source: Rond Maxi Frame
    OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS
    Advantages of Open Steel Joist:
    • Termite resistant
    • Excellent corrosion resistance, suitable
    for coastal regions
    • Lightweight open web construction for
    ease of installation
    • No shrinking, wrapping or twisting under
    load, resulting in a quieter and longer
    lasting floor system
    • Pre-cut lengths minimising wastage and
    saving time and on site labour
    • Reduces the need for retaining walls,
    and cut and fill on sloping blocks
    • Design flexibility to meet individual
    requirements
    OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS: GROUND FLOORS
    OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS: GROUND FLOORS
    OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS: UPPER FLOORS
    OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS: UPPER FLOORS
    OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS: ROOFS
    Construction systems:
    Composite steel‐concrete floors
    COMPOSITE FLOORS
    Source: Australian Steel Institute, Economical Structural Steelwork,  2009
    Steel-concrete composite floors
    combine the benefits of steel
    construction (speed of erection,
    efficient size/span ratios, etc.) with the
    benefits of concrete (acoustic
    insulation, fire proofing).
    In this system corrugated steel
    sheeting is used as a permanent form
    work system for a concrete slab. The
    steel sheeting, once concrete has
    cured, becomes integral with the
    concrete slab and it participates to the
    structural resistance of the floor. The
    slab and the supporting structure
    below may have to be connected also
    to resist shear stress. To this end plug-
    welded studs (shear connectors) are
    normally used. SHEAR CONNECTOR
    COMPOSITE FLOORS: PROPRIETARY SYSTEMS
    Source: ABPL30041  Construction Design,  2013
    COMPOSITE FLOORS: PROPRIETARY SYSTEMS
    Source: ABPL30041  Construction Design,  2013
    COMPOSITE FLOORS: BONDEK
    Source: Lysaght Bondek, Construction Manual
    COMPOSITE FLOORS: CORNERS AND EDGES
    Source: Lysaght Bondek, Construction Manual
    Photos: JWA Architects
    Construction systems:
    Secondary steel framing
    McBRIDE CHARLES RYAN, MONACO HOUSE, MELBOURNE, 2008
    PURLINS AND GIRTS
    Source: Australian Steel Institute, Economical Structural Steelwork,  2009
    CEE
    ZED
    CEE
    ZED
    In Australia roof purlins and wall girts for
    commercial and industrial applications are
    generally made with cold formed galvanised Zed or
    Cee sections.
    These members are available in depths ranging
    from 100mm to 350mm in 50mm increments.
    GIRTS
    Source: Newman A.  Metal Building Systems,  1997
    FLUSH GIRTS BYPASS GIRTS
    GIRTS: CORNERS
    Source: Newman A.  Metal Building Systems,  1997
    BYPASS
    SEMI-FLUSH
    FLUSH
    BYPASS
    SEMI-FLUSH
    FLUSH
    ROOF PURLINS
    Source: Australian Steel Institute, Economical Structural Steelwork,  2009
    FLY-BRACING
    (TO RESIT WIND UPLIFT)
    FLY-BRACING
    (TO RESIT WIND UPLIFT)
    McBride Charles Ryan, Monaco House, Melbourne, 2008
    McBride Charles Ryan, Monaco House, Melbourne, 2008
    Weekly exam questions ‐ concrete
    ABPL 20033
    CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
    Download the *.docxfile
    Enter your Name, Surname, student ID, email
    address
    Erase the provided instructions before writing
    your exam question
    Download the *.docxfile
    Enter your Name, Surname, student ID, email
    address
    Erase the provided instructions before writing
    your exam question
    Save this file as your own template, and reuse it
    weekly
    Avoid hand writing!
    Save this file as your own template, and reuse it
    weekly
    Avoid hand writing!
    Do not use more than one page!
    Make sure you are asking for one answer only, or
    a precise number of answers
    Specify where the answer can be found
    Make sure you are asking for one answer only, or
    a precise number of answers
    Specify where the answer can be found
    • List  THREE advantages of…
    • ONE of the following statements is false…
    • Answer in lecture slide 15
    What is “concrete cover”?
    Name the equipment used to level and
    finish the concrete slab in the pictures
    Name the equipment used to level and
    finish the concrete slab in the pictures
    Describe Joseph Monier’s contribute to the
    development of modern concrete.
    Describe Francois Hennebique’s contribute to
    the development of modern concrete.
    Describe Joseph Monier’s contribute to the
    development of modern concrete.
    Describe Francois Hennebique’s contribute to
    the development of modern concrete.
    Fill‐in‐the‐gaps question
    Explain how aggregates can affect the
    following four characteristics of a concrete mix
    (strength, workability, cost, visual aspect)
    Explain how aggregates can affect the
    following four characteristics of a concrete mix
    (strength, workability, cost, visual aspect)
    Describe the function of the following five
    concrete admixtures.
    Describe the function of the following five
    concrete admixtures.
    Five factors that affect the strength and durability  of concrete
    Identify two compaction methods and
    describe the benefits of concrete
    compaction
    Identify two compaction methods and
    describe the benefits of concrete
    compaction
    Provide a definition of concrete workability.
    Explain how it can be affected by the water/cement
    ratio and grade/shape of the aggregates
    Provide a definition of concrete workability.
    Explain how it can be affected by the water/cement
    ratio and grade/shape of the aggregates
    What are the consequences of
    a low water/cement ratio (0.5)?
    What are the consequences of
    a low water/cement ratio (0.5)?
    Discuss the complex relationship between water and cement.
    What’s the purpose of a slump test? When and where is it generally performed?
    Comment on the slump test result of the concrete mix in the picture
    What’s the purpose of a slump test? When and where is it generally performed?
    Comment on the slump test result of the concrete mix in the picture
    What’s opus caementicium?
    Describe its composition and use.
    What’s opus caementicium?
    Describe its composition and use.
    What’s the difference between Roman
    concrete and the contemporary Portland
    concrete?
    Describe how the design/construction of
    the Pantheon was optimised.
    What’s the difference between Roman
    concrete and the contemporary Portland
    concrete?
    Describe how the design/construction of
    the Pantheon was optimised.
    What are the benefits of using fly ash, slag
    and amorphous silica in a concrete mix?
    What are the benefits of using fly ash, slag
    and amorphous silica in a concrete mix?
    What’s the role of aggregates in a concrete
    mix? Elaborate on the importance of shape

     ABPL 20033 CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS assignment 代写
    and size of the aggregates
    What’s the role of aggregates in a concrete
    mix? Elaborate on the importance of shape
    and size of the aggregates
    Multiple‐choice version
    What is concrete curing? Name and describe three concrete curing methods?
    Label the x axis of the graph with the three different concrete stages.
    Label the graph curves with the four properties of a concrete mix.
    Label the x axis of the graph with the three different concrete stages.
    Label the graph curves with the four properties of a concrete mix.
    ABPL 20033
    CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
    Next week:
    Materials and systems: Masonry
     ABPL 20033 CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS assignment 代写